วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 30 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2568

Normal vs Skewed vs Uniform distributions

 








Normal Distribution (Bell Curve): Characterized by a symmetric, bell-shaped curve, with the majority of data points clustered around the mean. This distribution is common in many natural phenomena, such as heights, weights, and IQ scores.

🕯 Skewed Distribution: Skewed distributions have a longer tail on one side compared to the other. There are two types:

💡 Right-skewed (Positive-skewed): The tail extends towards the higher values. It's also called positively skewed because the mean is greater than the median.

💡 Left-skewed (Negative-skewed): The tail extends towards the lower values. It's negatively skewed because the mean is less than the median.

🕯 Uniform Distribution: In a uniform distribution, all data points have equal frequencies, resulting in a flat histogram with evenly spaced bars. This distribution is commonly seen in random or equally likely events.

🕯 Bimodal Distribution: Bimodal distributions have two distinct peaks, indicating two separate groups or populations within the data.

🕯 Multimodal Distribution: Similar to bimodal but with more than two peaks, indicating multiple distinct groups or populations within the data.

วันพุธที่ 29 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2568

Reasoning model in LLM

 

What is a Reasoning Model in LLMs?

A reasoning model in LLMs refers to the mechanisms and processes that allow the model to:

  • Understand and process complex queries.

  • Draw inferences or conclusions from given information.

  • Solve problems by connecting concepts, facts, and patterns.

  • Generate coherent and contextually appropriate responses.

However, it's important to note that LLMs do not "reason" in the human sense. Instead, they simulate reasoning through pattern recognition and statistical associations learned during training. 

Types of Reasoning Simulated by LLMs

LLMs can simulate various types of reasoning, including:

a. Deductive Reasoning
  • Drawing specific conclusions from general principles.

  • Example: "All birds can fly. A penguin is a bird. Can a penguin fly?" (LLMs can infer the correct answer based on learned knowledge.)

b. Inductive Reasoning
  • Making generalizations from specific examples.

  • Example: "Every crow I have seen is black. Therefore, all crows are likely black."

c. Abductive Reasoning
  • Forming the most likely explanation from incomplete information.

  • Example: "The grass is wet. It probably rained."

d. Analogical Reasoning
  • Drawing parallels between similar situations.

  • Example: "If the heart is like a pump, then the arteries are like pipes."

--Deepseek


O1 Pro (by 01.AI) --ChatGPT

  • Developer: 01.AI (a Chinese AI startup backed by Alibaba)
  • Release Date: 2024
  • Capabilities:
    • Open-weight large language model (LLM)
    • Trained with extensive datasets for high-performance NLP tasks
    • Designed as a strong competitor to GPT-4-level models
    • Supports multilingual processing and reasoning tasks

Key Differences

FeatureGPT-4oO1 Pro (Yi-1 Pro)
DeveloperOpenAI01.AI (China)
Model TypeProprietaryOpen-weight LLM
Multimodal?Yes (text, image, audio)Primarily text-based
PerformanceAdvanced, real-timeComparable to GPT-4
AccessibilityChatGPT & APIOpen-source weights available

วันอังคารที่ 28 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2568

MySQL CLI Tutorial

https://gist.github.com/hofmannsven/9164408

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfdtiltiRHWEw4-kRrh1ZZy_3OcQxTn7P&si=pVet-eqarNaYcY6Q

วันอาทิตย์ที่ 26 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2568

Heart of machine learning

ML learns patterns from data with or without labels (i.e., supervised or unsupervised scheme).

Fuzzy logic doesn't learn from data. So it's not an ML.

วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 23 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2568

IEEE free data sets

 https://ieee-dataport.org/

IEEE publishing ethics

 https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/become-an-ieee-journal-author/publishing-ethics/

Ethical requirements:

https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/become-an-ieee-journal-author/publishing-ethics/ethical-requirements/#maincontent

วันจันทร์ที่ 20 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2568

NFT marketplace

 https://opensea.io/

The world’s first and largest digital marketplace for crypto collectibles and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Buy, sell, and discover exclusive digital items.

WebGPU

 Newer and faster than WebGL

วันอังคารที่ 14 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2568

อัยการ

อัยการคือ ทนายความของแผ่นดิน มีหน้าที่ฟ้องคดีอาญา ในเรื่องราวที่ประชาชนและ/หรือ รัฐเป็นผู้เสียหาย เช่นกรณีที่ เราถูกโจรลักทรัพย์ที่บ้านเรา เราก็ไปแจ้งความที่สถานีตำรวจ จากนั้นตำรวจทำสำนวนสรุปส่งให้อัยการ แล้วทำการฟ้องเป็นคดีกับจำเลย ต่อศาลต่อไป